Kubikwe ukuba abantu abamalunga ne-8,000 babulewe kwaye amashumi amawaka abanye benzakele yinyikima eyoyikekayo ehlasele iTurkey neSyria ngoMvulo.
Amawaka ezakhiwo eziwileyo kula mazwe mabini kwaye ii-arhente zoncedo zilumkisa ngemiphumo "embi" kumntla-ntshona weSyria, apho izigidi zabantu abasengozini nabafudukileyo bebesele bexhomekeke kwinkxaso yobuntu.
Imizamo emikhulu yokuhlangula iyaqhubeka, uluntu lwehlabathi lubonelela ngoncedo kwimisebenzi yokukhangela kunye nokubuyisela imo kwimeko yesiqhelo. Okwangoku, ii-arhente zilumkisile ukuba ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yentlekele kunokunyuka kakhulu.
Nantsi into esiyaziyo ngenyikima kunye nesizathu sokuba ibulale kangaka.
Inyikima ihlasele phi?
Enye yezona nyikima zinamandla kakhulu eziye zahlasela lo mmandla kwinkulungwane inyikimise abemi ebuthongweni babo ngentsimbi yokuqala ngoMvulo malunga nentsimbi yesi-4 kusasa. Le nyikima ihlasele iikhilomitha ezingama-23 (iikhilomitha ezili-14.2) empuma yeNurdagi, kwiphondo laseTurkey iGaziantep, kubunzulu obuziikhilomitha ezingama-24.1 (iikhilomitha ezili-14.9), itsho njalo i-United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Uthotho lweenyikima ezilandelelanayo zavakala kulo lonke eli phondo kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kwesiganeko sokuqala. Unyikima olulandelelanayo oluyi-6.7 ngobukhulu lwalandela emva kwemizuzu eli-11 emva kokuba inyikima yokuqala itshayile, kodwa eyona nyikima inkulu, eyayinobukhulu obuyi-7.5 ngobukhulu, yahlasela malunga neeyure ezisithoba kamva ngentsimbi ye-1:24 emva kwemini, ngokutsho kwe-USGS.
Loo nyikima ingaphantsi komlinganiselo we-7.5 magnitude, eyahlasela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-95 (iikhilomitha ezingama-59) emantla enyikima yokuqala, yeyona inamandla kakhulu kwiinyikima ezingaphezulu kwe-100 ezirekhodiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Abahlanguli ngoku bakhuphisana nexesha kunye nemozulu ukuze bakhuphe abasindileyo phantsi kwenkunkuma kumacala omabini omda. Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwama-5,700 eTurkey ziwile, ngokutsho kwe-arhente yeentlekele yelizwe.
Inyikima yangoMvulo yayiyenye yezona zinamandla kakhulu eTurkey eziye zazibona kwinkulungwane edlulileyo – inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-7.8 yahlasela empuma yelizwe ngo-1939, nto leyo eyabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-30,000, ngokutsho kwe-USGS.
Kutheni iinyikima zenzeka?
Iinyikima zenzeka kuwo onke amazwekazi ehlabathini – ukusuka kwiincopho eziphakamileyo kwiintaba zeHimalaya ukuya kwiintlambo ezisezantsi, njengoLwandle Olufileyo, ukuya kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu zase-Antarctica. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazwa kwezi nyikima akusoloko kwenzeka ngequbuliso.
I-USGS ichaza inyikima “njengokunyikima komhlaba okubangelwa kukutyibilika ngequbuliso kwesiphako. Uxinzelelo olukwindawo engaphandle yomhlaba lutyhala amacala esiphako kunye. Uxinzelelo luyakhula kwaye amatye ayatyibilika ngequbuliso, ekhupha amandla kumaza ahamba kwi-crust yomhlaba aze abangele ukunyikima esikuvayo ngexesha lenyikima.”
Iinyikima zomhlaba zilinganiswa kusetyenziswa ii-seismographs, ezijonga amaza e-seismic ahamba eMhlabeni emva kwenyikima.
Abaninzi basenokuliqonda igama elithi “Richter Scale” elalisetyenziswa zizazinzulu iminyaka emininzi ngaphambili, kodwa kule mihla ngokubanzi balandela iModified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI), eliyindlela echanekileyo yokulinganisa ubukhulu benyikima, ngokutsho kwe-USGS.
Indlela iinyikima ezilinganiswa ngayo
Kutheni le nto yayibulala kangaka?
Zininzi izinto eziye zanegalelo ekwenzeni le nyikima ibe yingozi kangaka. Enye yazo lixesha lemini eyenzeka ngalo. Njengoko inyikima ibetha kusasa, abantu abaninzi babesezibhedini zabo xa yenzeka, kwaye ngoku bavaleleke phantsi kwenkunkuma yezindlu zabo.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo nemanzi ehamba kulo mmandla, iimeko ezimbi zenze imizamo yokuhlangula nokubuyisela imeko kwimeko yesiqhelo kumacala omabini omda yaba nzima kakhulu.
Amaqondo obushushu sele ephantsi kakhulu, kodwa ngoLwesithathu kulindeleke ukuba ehle ngamaqondo angaphantsi kwezinga-zero.
Indawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi okwangoku ixhomekeke eTurkey naseSyria. Njengoko oko kuqhubeka, oku kuya kwehlisa "umoya obandayo kakhulu" ovela embindini weTurkey, ngokutsho kwengcali yemozulu ephezulu yeCNN uBritley Ritz.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kuza kuba yi--4 degrees Celsius (24.8 degrees Fahrenheit) eGaziantep kunye ne--2 degrees eAleppo ngoLwesithathu kusasa. NgoLwesine, uqikelelo luza kuba yi--6 degrees kunye ne--4 degrees ngokulandelelana.
UMphathiswa wezeMpilo waseTurkey uFahrettin Koca uthe iimeko sele zenze kwaba nzima kumaqela oncedo ukufikelela kwindawo echaphazelekileyo, wongeza ngelithi iihelikopta azikwazanga ukusuka ngoMvulo ngenxa yemozulu embi.
Nangona iimeko zinjalo, amagosa acele abemi ukuba bashiye izakhiwo ngenxa yokhuseleko lwabo phakathi kwenkxalabo yokuba kukho ezinye iinyikima eziza emva koko.
Ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu kangaka kula mazwe omabini, uninzi luqala ukubuza imibuzo malunga nendima enokuba idlalwe ziziseko zokwakha zasekuhlaleni kule ntlekele.
Injineli yezakhiwo ze-USGS uKishor Jaiswal uxelele i-CNN ngoLwesibini ukuba iTurkey ikhe yahlangabezana neenyikima ezinkulu kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuquka nenyikima ka-1999 eyathiyabetha kumzantsi-ntshona weTurkeykwaye yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-14,000.
UJaiswal uthe iindawo ezininzi zaseTurkey zichongiwe njengeendawo ezinobungozi obukhulu kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, imithetho yokwakha kulo mmandla ithetha ukuba iiprojekthi zokwakha kufuneka zinyamezele olu hlobo lweziganeko kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ziphephe ukuwa okukhulu - ukuba zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje yenyikima yaseTurkey, utshilo uJaiswal. Ukunqongophala koyilo nolwakhiwo, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo ezindala, kuthetha ukuba izakhiwo ezininzi azikwazanga ukumelana nobunzima bokunyikima.
“Ukuba awuziyili ezi zakhiwo ukuze zilungele amandla enyikima ezinokuthi zijongane nawo kubomi bazo bokuyila, ezi zakhiwo zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle,” utshilo uJaiswal.
UJaiswal ukwalumkisile ukuba uninzi lwezakhiwo ezishiywe zimi "zinokuba buthathaka kakhulu ngenxa yezo nyikima zimbini zinamandla esizibonileyo. Kusenethuba elincinci lokubona i-aftershock enamandla ngokwaneleyo ukutshabalalisa ezo zakhiwo zonakeleyo. Ke ngoko ngeli xesha lomsebenzi we-aftershock, abantu kufuneka baqaphele kakhulu ukufikelela kwezo zakhiwo zibuthathaka kule mizamo yokuhlangula."
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-08-2023
