Iingcali zehlabathi zithi imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali enobundlongondlongo nengenankathalo eyamkelwe yi-United States ibangele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okukhulu kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo ebangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu koqoqosho kunye nokwanda okukhulu kobuhlwempu, ingakumbi kumazwe asaphuhlayo.
Ekulweni nokulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emali eMelika, okuye kwafikelela kwi-9% ngoJuni, i-US Federal Reserve inyuse amazinga enzala amaxesha amane ukuya kwinqanaba langoku eliphakathi kwe-2.25% ukuya kwi-2.5%.
UBenyamin Poghosyan, usihlalo weZiko leZifundo zezoPolitiko nezoQoqosho eYerevan, eArmenia, uxelele iChina Daily ukuba ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho kuphazamise iimarike zemali zehlabathi, apho amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ejongene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okuphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ethintela imizamo yawo yokufumana amandla okumelana nezimali xa ejongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe.
“Sele kukhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kwexabiso le-euro kunye nezinye iimali, kwaye kuya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukunyuka kwamaxabiso,” utshilo.
Abathengi bathenga inyama kwivenkile yokutya yaseSafeway njengoko ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuqhubeka ekhula e-Annapolis, eMaryland
ETunisia, idola enamandla kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso okutya okuziinkozo kunye namandla kulindeleke ukuba kwandise ilahleko yebhajethi yelizwe ukuya kwi-9.7 yepesenti ye-GDP kulo nyaka ukusuka kwi-6.7 yepesenti eyayiqikelelwe ngaphambili, utshilo urhuluneli webhanki ephakathi uMarouan Abassi.
Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ityala likarhulumente elingekahlawulwa liza kufikelela kwi-114.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedinari (iidola ezingama-35.9 zeebhiliyoni), okanye i-82.6 yeepesenti ye-GDP yayo. Ibhanki yotyalo-mali iMorgan Stanley yalumkisa ngoMatshi ukuba ukuwohloka kwemali yayo kuyaqhubeka.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka eTurkey kufikelele kwirekhodi ephezulu ngama-79.6 ekhulwini ngoJulayi, eyona iphezulu kwiminyaka engama-24. Idola enye yarhweba kwi-18.09 liras zaseTurkey nge-21 ka-Agasti, nto leyo ethetha ukulahleka kwexabiso le-100 ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, xa izinga lokutshintshiselana ngemali laliyi-8.45 liras kwidola.
Nangona urhulumente ezama ukunyusa umvuzo omncinci ukukhusela abantu kwiingxaki zemali ezibangelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso, amaTurkey ayasokola ukuziphilisa.
UTuncay Yuksel, umnini-venkile ethengisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo eAnkara, uthe usapho lwakhe luye lwasusa iimveliso zokutya ezifana nenyama kunye nobisi kuluhlu lwezinto ezithengiswayo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ukusukela ekuqaleni konyaka.
"Yonke into ibiza kakhulu, kwaye amandla okuthenga abemi ehle kakhulu," iXinhua News Agency icaphula uYuksel esithi. "Abanye abantu abanakukwazi ukuthenga izinto eziyimfuneko."
Ukunyuka kwenzala kwe-US Fed "ngokuqinisekileyo kubangele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kumazwe asaphuhlayo", kwaye le nto ayinaxanduva, utshilo uPoghosyan.
"I-US isebenzisa ulawulo lwedola ukuphumeza izilangazelelo zayo zezopolitiko. I-US kufuneka ithwale uxanduva lwezenzo zayo, ingakumbi njengoko i-US iziveza njengomkhuseli wehlabathi wamalungelo oluntu okhathalela wonke umntu."
"Yenza ubomi babantu abangamashumi ezigidi bube nzima ngakumbi, kodwa ndikholelwa ukuba i-US ayikhathali."
UJerome Powell, usihlalo we-US Federal Reserve, walumkisa ngo-Agasti 26 ukuba i-US isenokunyanzela ukunyuka kwenzala okukhulu kwiinyanga ezizayo kwaye izimisele ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuphezulu kwiminyaka engama-40 ezayo.
UTang Yao, uprofesa oncedisayo kwiSikolo soLawulo saseGuanghua kwiYunivesithi yasePeking, uthe ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso yeyona nto iphambili eWashington ngoko ke kulindeleke ukuba iFed iqhubeke nokunyusa amazinga uninzi lonyaka ozayo.
Oku kuya kubangela ukuwohloka kwexabiso lemali kwihlabathi liphela, kukhuthaze ukuhamba kwemali eninzi evela kwiimarike zehlabathi ukuya e-US kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lezinye iimali ezininzi, utshilo uTang, wongeza ukuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo uya kubangela ukuba imarike yesitokhwe kunye neebhondi yehle kwaye amazwe aneziseko zoqoqosho nezemali ezibuthathaka athwale imingcipheko engaphezulu njengokwanda kokusilela kwamatyala.
I-International Monetary Fund ikwalumkisile ukuba imizamo ye-Fed yokulwa noxinzelelo lwamaxabiso inokuchaphazela iimarike ezisakhulayo ezithwele amatyala emali yangaphandle.
“Ukuqina okungalawulekiyo kweemeko zemali zehlabathi kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kumazwe aneengxaki zemali eziphezulu, imingeni engasonjululwanga enxulumene nobhubhane kunye neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zemali zangaphandle,” utshilo.
Isiphumo sokuchitheka
UWu Haifeng, umlawuli ophetheyo weFintech Center of Shenzhen Institute of Data Economy, naye uphakamise inkxalabo malunga nefuthe lokusasazwa komgaqo-nkqubo weFed, esithi uzisa ukungaqiniseki kunye nesiphithiphithi kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye uchaphazela uqoqosho oluninzi nzima.
UWu uthe ukunyusa amazinga enzala akukunciphisanga ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eMelika ngempumelelo, kwaye akuthomalalisanga namaxabiso abathengi belizwe.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso abathengi eMelika kunyuke nge-9.1 ekhulwini kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kutsho kuJuni, okona kunyuke ngokukhawuleza ukusukela ngoNovemba ka-1981, ngokutsho kwamanani asemthethweni.
Nangona kunjalo, i-US ayifuni ukukuvuma konke oku kwaye isebenzisane namanye amazwe ukukhulisa ubumbano lwehlabathi kuba ayifuni ukulwa nezilangazelelo ezizimeleyo kuquka izityebi kunye nezakhiwo zomkhosi-industrial, utshilo uWu.
UWu uthe irhafu ebekwe eTshayina, umzekelo, okanye nasiphi na isohlwayo kwamanye amazwe, ayinampembelelo ngaphandle kokwenza abathengi baseMelika bachithe imali eninzi kwaye basongele uqoqosho lwaseMelika.
Iingcali zibona ukubekwa kwezohlwayo njengenye indlela yokuba i-US ixhase ulawulo lwayo lwedola.
Ukususela oko kwasekwa inkqubo yeBretton Woods ngo-1944, idola yaseMelika ibisoloko isetyenziswa njengemali egciniweyo yehlabathi, kwaye kule minyaka idlulileyo iMelika igcine isikhundla sayo njengoqoqosho oluphambili kwihlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yezemali yehlabathi ka-2008 yaphawula ukuqala kokuphela kolawulo olupheleleyo lwase-US. Ukuwa kwe-US kunye "nokunyuka kwamanye amazwe", kuquka iTshayina, iRashiya, iIndiya kunye neBrazil, kuye kwayichasa i-US, utshilo uPoghosyan.
Njengoko i-US yaqala ukujongana nokhuphiswano olukhulayo oluvela kwamanye amaziko alawulayo, yagqiba ekubeni isebenzise indima yedola njengemali egciniweyo yehlabathi kwimizamo yayo yokulawula ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe nokugcina ulawulo lwaseMelika.
Esebenzisa isikhundla sedola, i-US yasongela amazwe kunye neenkampani, isithi iza kuwasusa kwinkqubo yezemali yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ayilandeli umgaqo-nkqubo we-US, utshilo.
“Ixhoba lokuqala lalo mgaqo-nkqubo yayiyi-Iran, eyabekwa phantsi kwesohlwayo esiqatha kwezoqoqosho,” utshilo uPoghosyan. “Emva koko i-US yagqiba ekubeni isebenzise lo mgaqo-nkqubo wesohlwayo nxamnye neTshayina, ingakumbi nxamnye neenkampani zonxibelelwano zaseTshayina, ezifana neHuawei kunye neZTE, ezazikhuphisana kakhulu neenkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zaseMelika kwiindawo ezifana neenethiwekhi ze-5G kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.”
Isixhobo sezopolitiko
Urhulumente waseMelika usebenzisa idola ngakumbi nangakumbi njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuphucula izilangazelelo zakhe zezopolitiko kunye nokulawula ukunyuka kwabanye, ukuthemba idola kuyehla, kwaye amazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo anomdla wokuyishiya njengemali ephambili yorhwebo, utshilo uPoghosyan.
"La mazwe kufuneka aqulunqe iindlela zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwidola yaseMelika, kungenjalo aya kuhlala esongelwa yi-US ukuba aza kutshabalalisa uqoqosho lwawo."
UTang weSikolo soLawulo saseGuanghua ucebise ukuba uqoqosho olusakhulayo lufanele luhluke kurhwebo nakwimali ngokwandisa inani lamaqabane amakhulu orhwebo kunye nemithombo yenkxaso-mali kunye neendawo zotyalo-mali, ngomzamo wokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kuqoqosho lwaseMelika.
Ukunciphisa i-dollar kuya kuba nzima kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi kodwa imakethi yezemali yehlabathi esebenzayo neyahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo yemali inokunciphisa ukuthembela kwidola yaseMelika kwaye izinzise ucwangco lwezemali lwamazwe ngamazwe, utshilo uTang.
Amazwe amaninzi anciphise isixa setyala lawo laseMelika kwaye aqalise ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina imali yawo yangaphandle.
IBhanki yakwaSirayeli yabhengeza ngo-Epreli ukuba yongeze iimali zaseKhanada, eOstreliya, eJapan naseTshayina kwiindawo zayo zokutshintshiselana ngemali zangaphandle, ezazikade zilinganiselwe kwidola yaseMelika, iponti yaseBritane kunye ne-euro.
Iidola zaseMelika zithatha i-61% yepotifoliyo yelizwe yogcino lwangaphandle, xa kuthelekiswa ne-66.5% ngaphambili.
IBhanki ePhambili yaseJiphutha ikwagcine isicwangciso sepotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ngokuthenga iitoni zegolide ezingama-44 kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, ukonyuka ngama-54 ekhulwini, itsho iWorld Gold Council.
Amanye amazwe afana neIndiya neIran axoxa ngendlela yokusebenzisa imali yesizwe kurhwebo lwawo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Inkokeli ePhakamileyo yase-Iran u-Ayatollah Ali Khamenei wacela ngoJulayi ukuba kuyekwe kancinci kancinci idola kurhwebo lwamazwe amabini neRashiya. Ngomhla we-19 kuJulayi, iRiphabliki yamaSilamsi yaqalisa urhwebo lwe-rial-ruble kwimarike yayo yezimali zangaphandle.
“Idola isagcina indima yayo njengemali egciniweyo yehlabathi, kodwa inkqubo yokunciphisa idola iqalile ukukhawulezisa,” utshilo uPoghosyan.
Kwakhona, ukuguqulwa komyalelo wasemva kweMfazwe ebandayo kuya kubangela ukuba ihlabathi elinabantu abaninzi lifikelele kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphela kolawulo olupheleleyo lwaseMelika, utshilo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-05-2022
